w and z boson造句

• They are named in analogy with the Standard Model W and Z bosons.
• The W and Z bosons also have spin 1.
• Three components of the Higgs field become part of the massive W and Z bosons.
• Quadratic terms in and arise, which give masses to the W and Z bosons:
• The weak force the coupling of W and Z bosons to . . . what?
• According to the Standard Model, the W and Z bosons gain mass via the Higgs mechanism.
• This experiment discovered the W and Z bosons, fundamental particles that carry the weak nuclear force.
• At a critical temperature, the symmetry is spontaneously broken, and the W and Z bosons acquire masses.
• The W and Z bosons are the elementary particles that mediate the weak interaction, while the photon mediates the electromagnetic interaction.
• The fact that the W and Z bosons have mass while photons are massless was a major obstacle in developing electroweak theory.
• I think the W and Z bosons also get small masses from QCD ( the Higgs mechanism article says they do ).
• In particular, the Higgs boson explains why the photon has no mass, while the W and Z bosons are very heavy.
• For the weak force, they are the W and Z bosons, which are brothers, of a sort, of the photon.
• The discovery of the W and Z bosons themselves had to wait for the construction of a particle accelerator powerful enough to produce them.
• God apparently made the Standard Model gauge group first, then subsequently broke it to make light ( and the W and Z bosons ).
• At high enough energies the Electroweak symmetry is restored and the photon, W and Z bosons are replaced by bosons which are also massless.
• This includes the masses of the W and Z bosons, and the masses of the fermions, i . e . the quarks and leptons.
• For example, the photon, W and Z bosons have heavy replicas with mass determined by the compositeness scale, expected around 10 12 eV.
• The Higgs field can oscillate around its nonzero average value, and the oscillations are called Higgs bosons ( and longitudinal W and Z bosons ).
• He was part of the team that led to discovery of the W and Z bosons in 1983 at CERN & the Nobel Prize in Physics.